HUMAN RESPIRATORY DISORDER full notes for NEET

Human respiratory disorders

RESPIRATORY DISORDER

Asphyxia:   is a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body. characterized by an inability of an individual to acquire sufficient oxygen through breathing for an extended period of time. Asphyxia can cause coma or death. So increase in CO2 concentration, It paralyses the respiratory centre .

Hypoxia: Hypoxia^[1] is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.  Causes –

        1)   Hypoxic hypoxia:Arterial Po2 is low  2) Anemic hypoxia:  Low amount of 02 carrying haemoglobin

3)  Stagnant hypoxia :  Lower cardiac output or Intence local vasoconstriction  Though Arterial blood has lower P02.

4) Artificial hypoxia : Shortage of oxygen in the air such as high altitude 5) Ischemia, meaning insufficient blood flow to a tissue, can also result in hypoxia. This is called 'ischemic hypoxia'.

 Eupnea : Normal breating          Hypopnea:  Slow breathing         Hyperpnea:  rapid brathing    Apnea:  No brathing

 Dyspnea :   Difficult breathing

  PULMONARY DISORDER

J Emphysema : Emphysema is a chronic disorder in

which alveolar walls are damaged due to which

respiratorysurface is decreased. One of the major

causes of this  is cigarette smoking.

J Asthma is a difficulty in breathing causing wheezing

 due to inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles.

J Occupational Respiratory Disorders: In certain industries,

 Especially  those involving grinding or stone-breaking,

so much dust is produced that the defense mechanism

 of the body cannot fully cope with the situation. Long

 exposure can give rise to inflammation leading to

fibrosis (proliferation of fibrous tissues) and thus

causing serious lung  damage. Workers in such

industries should wear protective masks.

silicosis & Asbestosis   are common example

> Pneumonia :  Infection of lung by  Streptococcus pneumoniae . Leads to an accumulation of mucus and lymphs in alveoli impairing gas exchange.

 > Whooping cough or pertusis :  Infection by bacteria  Bordetella pertusis.

>  Pharyngitis, rhinitis, Bronchitis,Laryngitis,Pleuricy-  Infection in the parcular organ .

>  carbonmonoxide poisoning :        form carboxyhaemoglobin.

> Diphtheria:   Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheria   ---enlarge mucus membrane of the oropharynx,nasopharynx and Larynx. May obstruct air-ways and may cause death due to asphyxiation.

>   Coryza ( common cold) ---  Hundreds of virus are responsible but  Rhinoviruses are responsible for 40 % cases.

>  Influenza ( Flu)

SARS ( Severe Acute respiratory syndrome )  - caused by  Human coronavirus( HCV)