MIDDYA'S NEET BIOLOGY

Ringworms Pathogen: Many fungi belonging to the genera Microsporum , Trichophyton and Epidermophyton are responsible for ringworms which is one of the most common infectious diseases in man. Symptoms Appearance of dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body such as skin, nails and scalp (Figure 8.3) are the main symptoms of the disease. These lesions are accompanied by intense itching. Heat and moisture help these fungi to grow, which makes them thrive in skin folds such as those in the groin or between the toes. Mode of transmission Ringworms are generally acquired from soil or by using towels, clothes or even the comb of infected individuals.

Typhoid:( Enteric fever) Pathogen:     Salmonella typhi   ( rod-shaped bacillus bacterium). Incubation Period= 1-3 weeks , Present in human stool and urine, most common in children of age group-1-15 years. Mode of   Transmission :   spred through food and water   contaminated with the   faeces( stool) of patient. Houseflies,air etc. carry pathogens from faceces to   food,milk and water . Pathogens enter through mouth,reach intestine ,cause lesions   in intestinal wall. And migrate to other organs through blood. Symptoms:   Sustained high fever (39° to 40°C), weakness, stomach pain, constipation, headache and loss of appetite are some of the common symptoms of this disease. Intestinal perforation and death may occur in severe cases. *** Typhoid fever could be confirmed by Widal test *** Preventive measuse::)    >>>>>>>           ...